Drinking water should be free of which two contaminants?

Drinking water must be free from both bacteria and toxins due to their significant impact on human health. Bacteria can lead to various waterborne illnesses, ranging from mild gastroenteritis to severe diseases such as cholera or dysentery, especially in vulnerable populations like infants and the elderly. The presence of pathogenic bacteria in drinking water poses a serious risk of infections and outbreaks.

Toxins, on the other hand, can come from a variety of sources, including natural processes and human activities, and can have substantial long-term health consequences. Toxins might include harmful chemicals, heavy metals like lead or arsenic, or other organic pollutants that contaminate water supplies. Even in small concentrations, these substances can accumulate in the body and lead to serious health conditions, including cancer and neurological disorders.

Ensuring that drinking water is free of both bacteria and toxins is crucial for maintaining public health and safety, which is why water treatment processes are designed to eliminate these contaminants effectively.